Article
Risk factors for symptom onset in PI*Z alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.
International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - 1 Jan 2006
Mayer Annyce S, Stoller James K, Vedal Sverre, Ruttenber A James, Strand Matt, Sandhaus Robert A, Newman Lee S
Abstract excerpt
BACKGROUND: In an early study of highly symptomatic patients with PI*Z alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AAT), tobacco smoking was identified as a risk factor by comparing the age of symptom onset in smokers and nonsmokers. Age of symptom onset has not been well studied in relationship to other environmental exposures. METHODS: Environmental exposures were assessed in 313 PI*Z adults through retrospective...
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