Article
Educational attainment, smoking initiation and lifetime nicotine dependence among male Vietnam-era twins.
Psychological medicine - 1 Sept 2008
McCaffery J M, Papandonatos G D, Lyons M J, Koenen K C, Tsuang M T, Niaura R
Abstract excerpt
BACKGROUND: Smoking initiation and persistence are clearly associated with factors commonly thought to be environmental in origin, including socio-economic status. However, twin models that incorporate gene-environment correlation and gene x environment interaction have not been applied to elucidate the genetic or environmental role that socio-economic status plays in smoking initiation and nicotine dependence....
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