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Article

Evolution of covariance in the mammalian skull.

Novartis Foundation symposium - 1 Jan 2007

Hallgrimsson Benedikt, Lieberman Daniel E, Young Nathan M, Parsons Trish, Wat Steven

Abstract excerpt

The skull is a developmentally complex and highly integrated structure. Integration, which is manifested as covariance among structures, enables the skull and associated soft tissues to maintain function both across ontogeny within individuals and across the ranges of size and shape variation among individuals. Integration also contributes to evolvability by structuring the phenotypic expression of genetic...

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PMID: 17710853
DOI: 10.1002/9780470319390.ch12

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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