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Article

Risk and protective factors for Parkinson's disease: A study in Swedish twins

1 Nov 2004

Abstract excerpt

Many studies have shown a protective effect of cigarette smoking on Parkinson's disease. However, criticism has been raised concerning confounding by genetic factors. We investigated the associations between Parkinson's disease and smoking, alcohol, coffee, area of living, and education in a co-twin control study. Because twins are matched for genetic and familial environmental factors, this design controls for...

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PMID: 15521056
DOI: 10.1002/ana.20307

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