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Article

Dose-effect relation of smoking and the interleukin-1 gene polymorphism in periodontal disease.

Journal of periodontology - 1 Feb 2004

Meisel P, Schwahn C, Gesch D, Bernhardt O, John U, Kocher T

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is a bacterial inflammatory disease leading to attachment loss with the consequence of tooth loss. There exists a multifactorial risk pattern including bacterial challenge, smoking, age, gender, diabetes, and socioeconomic and genetic factors. Smoking has the highest imp...

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Source

Identifiers

PMID: 15068111
DOI: 10.1902/jop.2004.75.2.236

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 4 Sept 2026. Prepared record publication-15068111-2026-09-04.2. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-04.2.

Source receipt: PubMed via Helena Literature Corpus, retrieved 4 Sept 2026.

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