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Article

Dose-effect relation of smoking and the interleukin-1 gene polymorphism in periodontal disease.

Journal of periodontology - 1 Feb 2004

Meisel P, Schwahn C, Gesch D, Bernhardt O, John U, Kocher T

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is a bacterial inflammatory disease leading to attachment loss with the consequence of tooth loss. There exists a multifactorial risk pattern including bacterial challenge, smoking, age, gender, diabetes, and socioeconomic and genetic factors. Smoking has the highest impact on the course of the disease modulated by all the other factors. Here, we report the relationship between smoking...

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Identifiers

PMID: 15068111
DOI: 10.1902/jop.2004.75.2.236

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-08.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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