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Article

Estrogen and its metabolites are carcinogenic agents in human breast epithelial cells.

The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology - 1 Oct 2003

Russo Jose, Hasan Lareef M, Balogh Gabriela, Guo Shanchun, Russo Irma H

Abstract excerpt

Estrogens play a crucial role in the development and evolution of human breast cancer. However, it is still unclear whether estrogens are carcinogenic to the human breast. There are three mechanisms that have been considered to be responsible for the carcinogenicity of estrogens: receptor-mediated hormonal activity, a cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated metabolic activation, which elicits direct genotoxic effects by...

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Methodology Data sources Editorial policy Privacy About Contact Helena Bioinformatics

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Identifiers

PMID: 14630087
DOI: 10.1016/s0960-0760(03)00390-x

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DES

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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