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Article

Codon bias and frequency-dependent selection on the hemagglutinin epitopes of influenza A virus.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America - 10 Jun 2003

Plotkin Joshua B, Dushoff Jonathan

Abstract excerpt

Although the surface proteins of human influenza A virus evolve rapidly and continually produce antigenic variants, the internal viral genes acquire mutations very gradually. In this paper, we analyze the sequence evolution of three influenza A genes over the past two decades. We study codon usage as a discriminating signature of gene- and even residue-specific diversifying and purifying selection. Nonrandom...

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Methodology Data sources Editorial policy Privacy About Contact Helena Bioinformatics

Share to Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus

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Source

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Identifiers

PMID: 12748378
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1132114100
PMCID: PMC165845

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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