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Article

Freeze-substitution: origins and applications.

International review of cytology - 1 Jan 2001

Shiurba R

Abstract excerpt

Freeze-substitution is a physicochemical process in which biological specimens are immobilized and stabilized for microscopy. Water frozen within cells is replaced by organic solvents at subzero temperatures. Freeze-substitution is widely used for ultrastructural and immunocytochemical analyses of cells by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Less well recognized is its superiority over conventional...

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PMID: 11407763
DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(01)06019-3

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

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