Dual mechanisms of action of the retinoid CD437: nuclear retinoic acid receptor-mediated suppression of squamous differentiation and receptor-independent induction of apoptosis in UMSCC22B human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells.

Abstract excerpt

The synthetic retinoid 6-[3-(adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-naphthalene carboxylic acid (CD437), which can bind to and activate the nuclear retinoic acid receptors beta and gamma (RARbeta/gamma), is a potent inducer of apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. However, this effect was reported to be independent of RARs. In this study, we compared and contrasted the potencies and mechanisms of action of CD437 and...

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