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The historical domestication of a <i>Clostridium botulinum</i> strain used for the industrial production of botulinum neurotoxin

2026-02-26

Abstract excerpt

Laboratory production of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) began more than 90 years ago for medical, military, and later pharmaceutical applications, creating one of the longest-running examples of microbial cultivation under sustained human control. A single Clostridium botulinum Group I lineage, Army Hall A (AHA), was established by the U.S. military in 1942 and later gave rise to Hall A-hyper (HAH), the strain widel...

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Literature Corpus work
c390909b-7548-509c-9cfc-ec0658ef4836
DOI
10.64898/2026.02.26.708219
Open publication

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