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Stromal Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Are Associated with Immune Checkpoint Protein Expression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients: A Subset of the Karachi Population

2025-12-26

Abstract excerpt

<h4>Background: </h4> Stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are currently being considered as a prognostic factor in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC); however, their association with the tumor immune microenvironment remains unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we aimed to evaluate the expression and association of Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), its ligand programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and...

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Literature Corpus work
b8c0f037-4eef-559d-95b5-e12afa6731c5
DOI
10.20944/preprints202512.2376.v1
Open publication

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Stromal Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Are Associated with Immune Checkpoint Protein Expression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients: A Subset of the Karachi PopulationDOI 10.20944/preprints202512.2376.v1
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