Article

When the record makes the result: exposure-linked recording of a continuous outcome can manufacture a spurious treatment effect in real- world evidence

2026-08-06

Abstract excerpt

<title>Abstract</title> <p>Background. Real-world evidence increasingly informs comparative effectiveness, yet many clinical outcomes are recorded by estimation or template rather than measured. Value heaping is well described as a whole-sample phenomenon; heaping that differs by exposure group, and its capacity to create rather than blur an association, has received little attention. We show that exposure-linke...

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Literature Corpus work: 113568bc-0d18-558b-a6ef-815e29f22ad9
DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-10252799/v1

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