Reactivity and phenotype of mononuclear leukocytes from nongravid heifers after in vitro exposure to 9,13-di-cis-retinoic acid.

Abstract excerpt

The predominant isomer of retinoic acid in the plasma of dairy cows during the periparturient period is 9,13-di-cis-retinoic acid. Because retinoic acids influence the activity of cells in a variety of tissues, including the immune system, the potential for this isomer to modulate the bovine immune system during the periparturient period must be considered. The present study examined the in vitro effects of...

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