Fertilization and early embryology: A retrospective analysis of unfertilized and presumed parthenogenetically activated human oocytes demonstrates a high frequency of sperm penetration

Abstract excerpt

A total of 518 normal-appearing, meiotically mature human oocytes that were judged unfertilized after insemination in vitro were examined for sperm penetration by conventional fluorescence and laser scanning confocal microscopy with DNA-specific probes. A similar analysis was performed on 29 single pronuclear oocytes that were presumed to originate by spontaneous (parthenogenetic) activation. The results...

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