Why isn't an oncogenic mutation in KRAS enough to induce and sustain transformation?

Abstract excerpt

KRAS, a key member of the RAS proto-oncogene family, encodes a small GTPase involved in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival through signaling cascades such as MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, RalGEF/RalA/B, JAK/STAT3, and NF-κB. Although KRAS mutations, especially at codons 12, 13, or 61, lead to its activation and contribute to uncontrolled growth, these changes alone are not enough to fully...

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• Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
• Cellular Senescence
• STAT3 gene
• Mutation
• Neoplasms