Article
Therapeutic strategies for intervertebral disc degeneration: Extracellular vesicles and microRNAs derived from mesenchymal stem cells
24 Jul 2025
Abstract excerpt
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) results from an imbalance within the intervertebral disc, leading to alterations in extracellular matrix composition, loss of nucleus pulposus cells, increased oxidative stress, and inflammatory cascade. While IDD naturally progresses with age, some factors such as mechanical trauma, lifestyle choices, and genetic abnormalities can elevate the risk of symptomatic disease...
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