Potential of bacterial outer membrane vesicles in tumor vaccine: characteristics, advancements, and future directions

Abstract excerpt

Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), naturally released by Gram-negative bacteria, are a type of lipid bilayer nanoparticles containing many components found within the parent bacterium. Despite OMVs were first considered mere by-products of bacterial growth, recent studies have shown them as a highly adaptable platform for tumor vaccine. Here, we first demonstrate the biogenesis of OMVs, then review the...

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