Polarized Tissue-Derived Macrophages Display Enhanced M2d Phenotype after Prolonged Stimulation with Adenosine A2A Receptor Agonist in the Presence of LPS.

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: Macrophages (Mφ) are innate immune cells known for their different activation phenotypes, classically described as falling within two broad categories, M1 and M2. The latter were originally described as alternatively activated M2 cells to differentiate them from classically activated M1 cells. M2 cells were later classified into M2a (interleukin (IL)-4), M2b (immune complex), M2c (IL-10) and M2d...

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