Article
Reviewing the Genetic and Molecular Foundations of Congenital Spinal Deformities: Implications for Classification and Diagnosis
9 Feb 2025
Abstract excerpt
Congenital spinal deformities (CSDs) are rare but severe conditions caused by abnormalities in vertebral development during embryogenesis. These deformities, including scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis, significantly impair patients’ quality of life and present challenges in diagnosis and treatment. This review integrates genetic, molecular, and developmental insights to provide a comprehensive framework for...
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