Enhancing the differential diagnosis of small pulmonary nodules: a comprehensive model integrating plasma methylation, protein biomarkers, and LDCT imaging features

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: Accurate differentiation between malignant and benign pulmonary nodules, especially those measuring 5-10 mm in diameter, continues to pose a significant diagnostic challenge. This study introduces a novel, precise approach by integrating circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methylation patterns, protein profiling, and computed tomography (CT) imaging features to enhance the classification of pulmonary...

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