Pancreas Β-Cells in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Cell Death, Oxidative Stress and Immune Regulation. Recently Appearing Changes in Diabetes Consequences

Abstract excerpt

Diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) develop due to dysfunction of the Langerhans islet β-cells in the pancreas, and this dysfunction is mediated by oxidative, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and mitochondrial stresses. Although the two types of diabetes are significantly different, β-cell failure and death play a key role in the pathogenesis of both diseases, resulting in hyperglycemia due to a reduced...

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