Differentiating infection, colonisation, and sterile inflammation in critical illness: the emerging role of host-response profiling.

Abstract excerpt

Infection results when a pathogen produces host tissue damage and elicits an immune response. Critically ill patients experience immune activation secondary to both sterile and infectious insults, with overlapping clinical phenotypes and underlying immunological mechanisms. Patients also undergo a shift in microbiota with the emergence of pathogen-dominant microbiomes. Whilst the combination of inflammation and...

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