Depression increases the risk of kidney stone: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2018 and Mendelian randomization analysis.

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: To investigate whether depression increases the kidney stone risk. METHODS: First, we performed an observational study in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018. Depression severity was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and classified into no, mild, moderate, and severe depression groups. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was used to...

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