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Article

Genetics of cryptorchidism and testicular regression.

Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism - 1 Jan 2022

Elamo Heidi P, Virtanen Helena E, Toppari Jorma

Abstract excerpt

Cryptorchidism, i.e., undescended testis, is one of the most common genital malformations in newborn male babies. The birth rate of cryptorchidism varies from 1.6 to 9.0 %. Etiology of disrupted testicular descent is complex and predisposing causes include genetic, hormonal, environmental, lifestyle and maternal factors. Testicular descent occurs in two major steps and testicular hormones and normal function of...

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Identifiers

PMID: 35193821
DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2022.101619

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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