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Article

Genotoxicity of 'shamma', a chewing material suspected of causing oral cancer in Saudi Arabia.

Mutation research - 1 Jan 2000

Hannan M A, el-Yazigi A, Paul M, Gibson D P, Phillips R L

Abstract excerpt

'Shamma', also known as Yemeni snuff, is frequently used as a chewing material in Yemen and some parts of Saudi Arabia. Preliminary clinical observations indicated that long-term users of 'shamma' may develop oral cancer. A battery of in vitro bioassays were, therefore, used to test genotoxicity of this substance. The test systems included the histidine reversion assay in Ames' Salmonella strains, induction of...

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Identifiers

PMID: 3511366
DOI: 10.1016/0165-1218(86)90016-9

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-08.1.

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