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Article

Genotoxicity of 'shamma', a chewing material suspected of causing oral cancer in Saudi Arabia.

Mutation research - 1 Jan 2000

Hannan M A, el-Yazigi A, Paul M, Gibson D P, Phillips R L

Abstract excerpt

'Shamma', also known as Yemeni snuff, is frequently used as a chewing material in Yemen and some parts of Saudi Arabia. Preliminary clinical observations indicated that long-term users of 'shamma' may develop oral cancer. A battery of in vitro bioassays were, therefore, used to test genotoxicity of this substance. The test systems included the histidine reversion assay in Ames' Salmonella strains, induction of...

Topics

Animals
Calcium Carbonate
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Gene Conversion
Humans
Mice
Mouth Neoplasms
Mutagenicity Tests
Mutation
Nicotine
Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Methodology Data sources Editorial policy Privacy About Contact Helena Bioinformatics

Salmonella typhimurium

Tobacco, Smokeless

Source

Identifiers

PMID: 3511366
DOI: 10.1016/0165-1218(86)90016-9

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 29 Aug 2026. Prepared record publication-3511366-2026-08-29.1. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-08-29.1.

Source receipt: PubMed via Helena Literature Corpus, retrieved 29 Aug 2026.

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