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Article

Trade-Offs (and Constraints) in Organismal Biology.

Physiological and biochemical zoology : PBZ - 1 Jan 2000

Garland Theodore, Downs Cynthia J, Ives Anthony R

Abstract excerpt

AbstractTrade-offs and constraints are inherent to life, and studies of these phenomena play a central role in both organismal and evolutionary biology. Trade-offs can be defined, categorized, and studied in at least six, not mutually exclusive, ways. (1) Allocation constraints are caused by a limited resource (e.g., energy, time, space, essential nutrients), such that increasing allocation to one component...

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PMID: 34905443
DOI: 10.1086/717897

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

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