Trade-offs, Pleiotropy, and Shared Molecular Pathways: A Unified View of Constraints on Adaptation.

Abstract excerpt

The concept of trade-offs permeates our thinking about adaptive evolution because they are exhibited at every level of biological organization, from molecular and cellular processes to organismal and ecological functions. Trade-offs inevitably arise because different traits do not occur in isolation, but instead are imbedded within complex, integrated systems that make up whole organisms. The genetic and...

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