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Article

Experimental animal models for moyamoya disease and treatment: a pathogenesis-oriented scoping review.

Neurosurgical focus - 1 Sept 2021

Rallo Michael S, Akel Omar, Gurram Akhilesh, Sun Hai

Abstract excerpt

OBJECTIVE: Moyamoya disease (MMD) is an intracranial steno-occlusive pathology characterized by progressive narrowing of proximal large vessels, including the terminal internal carotid arteries (ICAs), middle cerebral arteries, or anterior cerebral arteries. Named for the "puff of smoke" appearance of the anomalous vascularization visualized on cerebral angiography, MMD lacks a well-defined etiology, although...

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Identifiers

PMID: 34469865
DOI: 10.3171/2021.6.FOCUS21284

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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