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Article

Smoking associates with distinct clinical phenotypes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a nationwide Danish cross-sectional study.

Lupus science & medicine - 1 Apr 2021

Leffers Henrik Christian Bidstrup, Troldborg Anne, Voss Anne, Kristensen Salome, Lindhardsen Jesper, Kumar Prabhat, Linauskas Asta, Juul Lars, Krogh Niels Steen, Deleuran Bent, Dreyer Lene, Jacobsen Søren

Abstract excerpt

OBJECTIVES: SLE displays large clinical heterogeneity that beyond genetic factors may be determined by environmental exposures. In this Danish nationwide study, we aimed to determine if clinical subsets of SLE were associated with smoking history. METHODS: At each of six participating centres, incident or prevalent inpatients and outpatients with SLE were consecutively included. Manifestations forming the basis...

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Identifiers

PMID: 33811110
DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2021-000474
PMCID: PMC8023756

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 6 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-06.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 6 Sept 2026.

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