Exploring the Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Inflammatory Bowel Disease Using Mendelian Randomization

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: Previous observational evidence has suggested an association between smoking and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS: We used observational techniques followed by Mendelian randomization to explore whether smoking is a causal factor in the development of IBD and its subtypes. RESULTS: In those who have ever smoked, we observed increased risk of IBD and, in current smokers, we observed increased...

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