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Article

Genetic Variation of Hepatic Enzymes Influence on β-Blocker Dose in Patients With Reduced Ejection Fraction Heart Failure.

Journal of pharmacy practice - 1 Feb 2020

Ingram Adam, Valente Megan

Abstract excerpt

Beta-blockers such as metoprolol, carvedilol, and bisoprolol are indicated for the treatment of patients with reduced ejection fraction heart failure. Heart failure treatment guidelines call for titration of these medications to specific target doses for morbidity and mortality benefit. Hepatic enzymes are responsible for metabolizing these medications; however, these enzymes are subject to genetic variations...

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Identifiers

PMID: 29916290
DOI: 10.1177/0897190018782794

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-08.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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