Article
Heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the challenges facing physicians and health services.
European heart journal - 1 Sept 2013
Hawkins Nathaniel M, Virani Sean, Ceconi Claudio
Abstract excerpt
Pulmonary disease is common in patients with heart failure, through shared risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms. Adverse pulmonary vascular remodelling and chronic systemic inflammation characterize both diseases. Concurrent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The cornerstones of therapy are...
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