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Article

Macrophage function and polarization in cardiovascular disease: a role of estrogen signaling?

Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology - 1 Jun 2013

Bolego Chiara, Cignarella Andrea, Staels Bart, Chinetti-Gbaguidi Giulia

Abstract excerpt

Macrophages are plastic and versatile cells adapting their function/phenotype to the microenvironment. Distinct macrophage subpopulations with different functions, including classically (M1) and (M2) activated macrophages, have been described. Reciprocal skewing of macrophage polarization between...

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Identifiers

PMID: 23640494
DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.113.301328

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 4 Sept 2026. Prepared record publication-23640494-2026-09-04.2. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-04.2.

Source receipt: PubMed via Helena Literature Corpus, retrieved 4 Sept 2026.

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