Importance of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in identifying asthma phenotypes to direct personalized therapy.

Abstract excerpt

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes the phenotyping of refractory asthma with an emphasis on how direct bronchoscopic observation and analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), biopsy, and brushings of the airways helps direct specific personalized therapy. Additional testing used in phenotyping asthmatic patients is reviewed. RECENT FINDINGS: Several studies and publications over the past decade have...

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