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Article

What causes attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?

Archives of disease in childhood - 1 Mar 2012

Thapar Anita, Cooper Miriam, Jefferies Rachel, Stergiakouli Evangelia

Abstract excerpt

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects around 1-3% of children. There is a high level of comorbidity with developmental and learning problems as well as with a variety of psychiatric disorders. ADHD is highly heritable, although there is no single causal risk factor and non-inherited factors also contribute to its aetiology. The genetic and environmental risk factors that have been implicated...

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Identifiers

PMID: 21903599
DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2011-300482
PMCID: PMC3927422

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 5 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-05.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 5 Sept 2026.

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