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Article

[Complexity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Individualized treatment, new approaches, phenotypes and comorbidities].

Revista clinica espanola - 1 Mar 2011

Martín-Escudero J C

Abstract excerpt

The current definition and severity stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) focus excessively on spirometric criteria alone. Measurement of chronic airflow obstruction and its degree of reversibility is complex. The etiology of this disease cannot be fully explained in relation to smoking and the heterogeneity of this systemic disease that affects mainly the lung cannot be expressed through forced...

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PMID: 21596169
DOI: 10.1016/S0014-2565(11)70007-8

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FEV

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-08.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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