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Article

Steroid profiles of professional soccer players: an international comparative study.

British journal of sports medicine - 1 Dec 2009

Strahm E, Sottas P-E, Schweizer C, Saugy M, Dvorak J, Saudan C

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Urinary steroid profiling is used in doping controls to detect testosterone abuse. A testosterone over epitestosterone (T/E) ratio exceeding 4.0 is considered as suspicious of testosterone administration, irrespectively of individual heterogeneous factors such as the at...

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Identifiers

PMID: 19282302
DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2008.056242

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 2 Sept 2026. Prepared record publication-19282302-2026-09-02.2. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-02.2.

Source receipt: PubMed via Helena Literature Corpus, retrieved 2 Sept 2026.

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