Possible interactions of genetic and immuno-neuro-endocrine regulatory mechanisms in pathogenesis of congenital anomalies.

Abstract excerpt

The process of organogenesis depends on genetic and environmental factors. Besides genetic background, congenital anomalies can also be influenced by micro environmental changes, which are related to maternal-foetal interactions followed by the production of cytokines, hormones, neurotransmitters, growth factors and biochemical mediators, and stress proteins. Pre-natal maternal stress, including infections,...

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