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Article

Causal models of reading disability: a twin study.

Twin research : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies - 1 Jun 2004

Tiu Rolando D, Wadsworth Sally J, Olson Richard K, DeFries John C

Abstract excerpt

The genetic and environmental relationships among measures of phoneme awareness, naming speed, Intelligence Quotient (IQ), and reading performance were investigated in 623 identical and fraternal twin pairs tested in the Colorado Learning Disabilities Research Center. A Cholesky decomposition analysis of these measures provided evidence supporting the double deficit hypothesis that difficulties in phonological...

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PMID: 15193172
DOI: 10.1375/136905204774200550

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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