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Article

Evolution by phenotype: a biomedical perspective.

Perspectives in biology and medicine - 1 Jan 2003

Weiss Kenneth M, Buchanan Anne V

Abstract excerpt

Genes are widely assumed to play a major role in the epidemiology of complex chronic diseases, yet attempts to characterize the genetic architecture of such traits have been frustrating. Understanding that evolution works by screening phenotypes rather than genotypes can help explain the source of this frustration. Complex traits are usually the result of long-term, often subtle, gene-environment interactions,...

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Methodology Data sources Editorial policy Privacy About Contact Helena Bioinformatics

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Source

Identifiers

PMID: 12721519
DOI: 10.1353/pbm.2003.0032

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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