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Article

Human embryonic stem cells: culture, differentiation, and genetic modification for regenerative medicine applications.

Cancer journal (Sudbury, Mass.) - 1 Jan 2000

Lebkowski J S, Gold J, Xu C, Funk W, Chiu C P, Carpenter M K

Abstract excerpt

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells can proliferate extensively in culture and can differentiate into representatives of all three embryonic germ layers in vitro and in vivo. The undifferentiated hES cells have now been cultured for more than 50 passages in vitro, yet maintain a normal karyotype. The hES cells express a series of specific surface antigens, as well as OCT-4 and human telomerase, proteins associated...

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PMID: 11777269

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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