Article

A phalanx in the metatarsus: the human first ray preserves ancestral digital identity

2026-05-15

Abstract excerpt

<title>Abstract</title> <p>The human first metatarsal (MT1) has long been regarded as a true metapodial uniquely adapted for bipedal propulsion. Yet developmental, vascular, and morphometric evidence increasingly contradicts this view. Across 100 adult human foot specimens, MT1 shares its proportions, nutrient-artery entry, and physeal orientation with proximal phalanges rather than with metatarsals II–V. Develop...

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Literature Corpus work: d46bd3a4-c979-500a-b1c2-d396a3fafaf0
DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9283272/v1

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