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How does AI detect diabetic retinopathy from retinal photos? A heatmap analysis of 54 deep learning models

2026-06-22

Abstract excerpt

<h4>Purpose</h4> To investigate how artificial intelligence (AI) systems detect referrable diabetic retinopathy (DR) from retinal photographs by analysing heatmap patterns and determining their overlap with DR features. <h4>Methods</h4> Fifty-four AI systems were developed using 27 backbone architectures, with each implemented as both binary-referable and multi-class grading models based on the International Cli...

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Literature Corpus work: c6a5467d-093e-5d4d-ac5a-4669090122f0
DOI: 10.64898/2026.06.19.26356040

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