Article
From Metasynthesis to Emergent Engineering: The Development of Xuesen Qian’s Open Complex Giant Systems Thought in the Era of Large Models
2026-06-03
Abstract excerpt
In 1990, Mr. Xuesen Qian proposed the concept of "Open Complex Giant Systems" (Open Complex Giant Systems or Open Complex Meta Systems, for simplicity, hereafter referred to as Complex Meta Systems, CMS) and the methodology of "Metasynthesis from Qualitative to Quantitative," profoundly revealing the essence of a class of systems that can neither be reduced to the sum of simple systems nor grasped solely by qualit...
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Identifiers and source
- Literature Corpus work
- 84f84696-7cff-5731-a54e-bb27e0158526
- DOI
- 10.20944/preprints202606.0335.v1