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High pathogenicity avian influenza virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in Antarctica: Multiple Introductions and the First Confirmed Infection of Ice-Dependent Seals

2026-01-05

Abstract excerpt

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b has expanded rapidly across the Southern Ocean since 2023, causing extensive mortality in sub-Antarctic wildlife. Yet its penetration into Antarctica and impacts on ice-dependent species remain poorly resolved primarily due to surveillance constraints. We report the first confirmed H5N1 infection in an Antarctic ice-dependent seal (crabeater seal; Lobod...

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Literature Corpus work: 740adc6d-dfac-5e20-ab8a-a62140b120f3
DOI: 10.64898/2026.01.04.697571

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