Article

Oral Phenotypes Integrate Tongue Morphology and Microbiota to Reflect HbA1c Levels and Monitor Glycemic Control

2026-06-13

Abstract excerpt

<title>Abstract</title> <p> Background This study aimed to investigate whether oral characteristics, including tongue morphology and oral microbiota, could serve as non-invasive biomarkers reflecting HbA1c levels and the degree of glycemic control in T2DM patients. Methods A total of 211 participants were enrolled, including 50 non-diabetic individuals (ND) and 161 T2DM patients categorized into three subgroup...

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Literature Corpus work: 13495b1c-e1b0-5281-aa53-0af1a962ba9a
DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9469386/v1

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