Article
Immunostimulation in the urinary bladder by local application of Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton preparation (Rubratin) for superficial bladder cancer immunotherapy--a phase I/II study.
Urological research - 1 Jan 1997
de Reijke T M, de Boer E C, Schamhart D H, Kurth K H
Abstract excerpt
OBJECTIVES: Twelve patients with superficial papillary transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (pTa, pT1) were treated with six consecutive weekly intravesical instillations of Rubratin (in a dose of 1.5, 3.0, or 4.5 mg), a cell wall skeleton preparation of Nocardia rubra (NCW). The main objective of this study was to look for local immunomodulating effects of NCW and in the first four patients the effect on a...
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