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Article

Botulinum Toxin Treatment for Uncommon Phenotypes of Laryngeal Adductor Breathing Dystonia.

Toxins - 20 Jun 2026

Restivo Domenico Antonio, Alito Angelo, Milardi Demetrio, Stampanoni Bassi Mario, Lanza Sara, Quartarone Angelo, Marchese-Ragona Rosario

Abstract excerpt

Laryngeal adductor breathing dystonia (LABD) is a rare form of focal, task-specific respiratory dystonia affecting the laryngeal muscles of unknown aetiology. Unlike classical laryngeal dystonia (spasmodic dysphonia), LABD is not primarily characterised by impaired speech, but rather by dysfunction of respiratory laryngeal control. The hallmark pathophysiological alteration consists of involuntary, action-induced...

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PMID: 42347526
DOI: 10.3390/toxins18060272
PMCID: PMC13307825

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