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Article

Vascular Mechanisms in the Etiology of Hemifacial Microsomia: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological, Clinical, and Genetic Evidence.

Birth defects research - 1 Jun 2026

Jacobs Karl, Baramakeh Aarya, van der Meer Hedwig, Korfage Hans, de Bakker Bernadette, Langenbach Geerling, Oostra Roelof Jan, Lobbezoo Frank

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is a congenital craniofacial malformation characterized by unilateral hypoplasia of structures derived from the first and second pharyngeal arches. Although the phenotype is well described, the underlying etiology remains incompletely understood. Disturbances in embryonic vascular development have long been proposed as a potential mechanism contributing to the...

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PMID: 42322171
DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.70081
PMCID: PMC13282715

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