Hormonal influences on asthma phenotypes and endotypes during the menopausal transition.

Abstract excerpt

Asthma heterogeneity remains a defining challenge driven by multiple factors, including hormonal influences that contribute to distinct phenotypic and endotypic manifestations during the menopausal transition. Fluctuations in sex hormones such as estrogen and progesterone during this period do not merely alter reproductive physiology but they fundamentally modulate immune regulation, airway homeostasis, and...

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